Supervision Fieldwork

Supervision

Field work is the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, and natural environments. Field work is conducted in the wild of our everyday surroundings rather than in the semi-controlled environments of a lab or classroom. This allows researchers to collect data about the dynamic places, people, and species around them. Field work enables students and researchers to examine the way scientific theories interact with real life.

Field work is important in both the social and natural sciences. Social sciences, such as economics or history, focus on people, culture, and society. Natural sciences, such as biology or chemistry, focus on physical characteristics of nature and natural environments. Field work can be conducted by groups of people as well as one individual.

  Mr Ndunguru Principal of Peramiho School of Nursing supervising the student during the field work at Hanga health centre The first from right

Hypertation

HYPERTATION: High blood pressure is a risk factor that can increase your chance of developing heart disease, a stroke, and other serious conditions. As a rule, the higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk.Treatment includes a change in lifestyle risk factors where these can be improved - losing weight if you are overweight, regular physical activity, a healthy diet, cutting back if you drink a lot of alcohol, stopping smoking, and a low salt and caffeine intake. If needed, medication can lower blood pressure.
Treatments may include:

• A medicine to lower blood pressure if it is 140/90 mm Hg or higher.
• A medicine to lower your cholesterol level.
• A daily low dose of aspirin if you also have angina. This reduces the risk of blood clots forming in the blood vessels over patches of atheroma (which cause strokes and heart attacks).
• Where relevant, to encourage you to tackle lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, lack of physical activity, diet, and weight.

·         What medicines are used to lower blood pressure?

·         There are several medicines that can lower blood pressure. The one chosen depends on such things as: if you have other medical problems; if you take other medication; possible side-effects of the medicine; your age; your ethnic origin, etc. Some medicines work well in some people, and not so well in others. One or two medicines may be tried before one is found to suit
one medicine reduces high blood pressure to the target level in less than half of cases. It is common to need two or more different medicines to reduce high blood pressure to a target level. In about a third of cases, three medicines or more are needed to get blood pressure to the target level. In some cases, despite treatment, the target level is not reached. However, although to reach a target level is ideal, you will benefit from any reduction in blood pressure.

Hanga Health Centre is one of the refferal health centre from dispensary nearby. One of hypertation patient get reffaral to the Peramiho hospital 42km from Hanga for more management and investigation

How long is medication needed for?

In most cases, medication is needed for life. However, in some people whose blood pressure has been well controlled for three years or more, medication may be able to be stopped. In particular, in people who have made significant changes to lifestyle (such as having lost a lot of weight, or stopped heavy drinking, etc). Your doctor can advise you.
If you stop medication, you should have regular blood pressure checks. In some cases the blood pressure remains normal. However, in others it starts to rise again. If this happens, medication can then be started again.

CLINIC

REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH CLINIC
Services for children are a key aspect of the Hanga Health Centre at Tanzania,
The Ministry of Health in Tanzania uses the term "Reproductive Child Health Clinics" (RCHC). For our team at HANGA, this means covering many miles by Car each week in addition to the clinics held at the centre.
There is a weekly child welfare clinic for under-fives and weekly antenatal care. There are four outreach stations, each of which is visited monthly, providing RCHC services to children and pregnant women. There is also a weekly postnatal clinic at the base and a monthly clinic for 2-5 year-olds.

student nurse  Anitha anda Agripina giving health education


 Nurse Vitalia Kapinga with the student nurse Onesmo and Claudia giving the health education about the important of vaccine  under five years

 
Student nurse Claudia Danda and Onesmo givind the polio vaccine to the child

 Breastfeeding is the important for mother to children for immunity

 

Billings Ovulation Method

Billings’s ovulation method

The Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) is a method which women use to monitor their fertility, by identifying when they are fertile and when they are infertile during each ovarian/menstrual cycle. Users pay attention to the sensation at their vulva, and the appearance of any vaginal discharge. The Billings Ovulation Method does not rely on the presence of ovulation, rather it identifies patterns of potential fertility and obvious infertility within the cycle, whatever its length.  This information can be used to achieve or avoid pregnancy during regular or irregular cycles throughout all stages of reproductive life, including breastfeeding, and peri-menopause. Described by the World Organisation of the Ovulation Method Billings (WOOMB) as "Natural Fertility Regulation", this method may be used as a form of fertility awareness or natural family planning, as well as a way to mo

nitor gynecological health.

The participant of Billing Ovulation Method course from Kenya,India and Tanzania attending the course at Ndanda third from right is Bro.Benedict from Hanga Health Centre Tanzania and second from left is Sr Birigit OSB R.I.P.

Guidelines for Achieving Pregnancy using the Billings Ovulation Method
The couple should be given an initial instruction and a good history taken. They should then be asked to commence charting whilst abstaining from intercourse, however if the woman recognises signs of fertility during the first cycle of charting – slipperiness and/or softness and swelling of the vulva – the couple should be advised to have intercourse as it may be that such symptoms are only occasionally observed. They should be asked to return for follow-up interviews at regular intervals.
At the first follow-up appointment, once the Basic Infertile Pattern can be identified, the couple should be encouraged to express their love for one another by having intercourse following the Early Day Rules (see Bulletin of Ovulation Method Research & Reference Centre of Australia No. 35, Vol 2, p 23). Prolonged abstinence, while waiting for fertility when hoping to achieve pregnancy, is counter-productive and detrimental to the relationship.
Once a change from the Basic Infertile Pattern is noticed the couple should wait until the slippery sensation develops. These few days of waiting will ensure sperm numbers are at optimum levels and will enable the women to be aware of the developing pattern of fertility without her being confused by the presence of seminal fluid. Intercourse over the days of the slippery sensation and for the first couple of days after the Peak will give the best opportunity for conception to occur.
For women who have difficulty recognising the slippery sensation the swollen vulva sign will be of assistance. For women who have previously been diagnosed with tubal damage on one side, the Lymph Node Sign, as described by Sr Brigit OSB tutzing sister from Ndanda will be invaluable. Around the time of ovulation a lymph gland in the groin on the same side as the ovulating ovary enlarges to about the size of a pea and becomes tender when pressed. Daily examination of this gland will reveal the increase in size and tenderness. This is best done lying down with hands on lower abdomen and fingers straight and pointing down the leg, so that the middle finger can feel the pulsating artery to the leg. The index finger will then be over the gland which is indicating the side of ovulation. Intercourse can then be planned to avoid the damaged tube.
Above all a confident and relaxed teacher will engender a patient and relaxed couple who, with a sound understanding of fertility, will be able to maximize their chances of welcoming a baby into their family.